Il s'avère très pratique, si vous n'aimez ou ne savez pas vous servir d'éditeurs tels que gnu_emacs ou vim, entre autres pour éditer des fichiers de configurations de votre distribution, ou coder avec une solution légère.
Vous trouverez ici un petit didacticiel qui vous permettra d'éditer avec d'agréables couleurs, et de connaître rapidement les raccourcis clavier les plus utiles pour utiliser cet éditeur.
En général il est installé par défault dans certaines distributions.
Si ce n'est pas le cas , ouvrons un terminal et installons le :
Sous Debian :
#apt-get install nano
Sous Ubuntu :
$sudo apt-get install nano
Sous Fedora :
#yum install nano
Sous Mandriva :
#urpmi nano
Maintenant pour lancer cet éditeur il suffit de taper dans votre terminal
$nano
ou
$nano nomdufichier
Faisons un petit tour des principaux raccourcis claviers :
C'est bien gentil me direz-vous, mais c'est noir et blanc , on se repère pas.
Qu'à cela ne tienne , on va configurer l'éditeur pour avoir du code coloré ( on appelle ça la coloration syntaxique )
On ouvre un terminal, on télécharge quelques fichiers de configuration :
$cd /home/spiderman/ && wget http://bigvo.dyndns.org/nanosyntax.tar.bz2 && tar -xjvf nanosyntax.tar.bz2
Puis on copie ces petits fichiers :
#cp /home/spiderman/nanosyntax/nano/* /usr/share/nano/
et enfin on copie ce contenu dans un fichier /home/spiderman/.nanorc
## Sample initialization file for GNU nano. ## ## Please note that you must have configured nano with --enable-nanorc ## for this file to be read! Also note that this file should not be in ## DOS or Mac format, and that characters specially interpreted by the ## shell should not be escaped here. ## ## To make sure a value is disabled, use "unset <option>". ## ## For the options that take parameters, the default value is given. ## Other options are unset by default. ## ## Quotes inside string parameters don't have to be escaped with ## backslashes. The last double quote in the string will be treated as ## its end. For example, for the "brackets" option, ""')>]}" will match ## ", ', ), >, ], and }. ## Use auto-indentation. # set autoindent ## Backup files to filename~. # set backup ## The directory to put unique backup files in. # set backupdir "" ## Do backwards searches by default. # set backwards ## Use bold text instead of reverse video text. # set boldtext ## The characters treated as closing brackets when justifying ## paragraphs. They cannot contain blank characters. Only closing ## punctuation, optionally followed by closing brackets, can end ## sentences. ## # set brackets ""')>]}" ## Do case sensitive searches by default. # set casesensitive ## Constantly display the cursor position in the statusbar. Note that ## this overrides "quickblank". # set const ## Use cut to end of line by default. # set cut ## Set the line length for wrapping text and justifying paragraphs. ## If fill is 0 or less, the line length will be the screen width less ## this number. ## # set fill -8 ## Enable ~/.nano_history for saving and reading search/replace strings. # set historylog ## The opening and closing brackets that can be found by bracket ## searches. They cannot contain blank characters. The former set must ## come before the latter set, and both must be in the same order. ## # set matchbrackets "(<[{)>]}" ## Use the blank line below the titlebar as extra editing space. # set morespace ## Enable mouse support, if available for your system. When enabled, ## mouse clicks can be used to place the cursor, set the mark (with a ## double click), and execute shortcuts. The mouse will work in the X ## Window System, and on the console when gpm is running. ## # set mouse ## Allow multiple file buffers (inserting a file will put it into a ## separate buffer). You must have configured with --enable-multibuffer ## for this to work. ## # set multibuffer ## Don't convert files from DOS/Mac format. # set noconvert ## Don't follow symlinks when writing files. # set nofollow ## Don't display the helpful shortcut lists at the bottom of the screen. # set nohelp ## Don't add newlines to the ends of files. # set nonewlines ## Don't wrap text at all. set nowrap ## Set operating directory. nano will not read or write files outside ## this directory and its subdirectories. Also, the current directory ## is changed to here, so any files are inserted from this dir. A blank ## string means the operating directory feature is turned off. ## # set operatingdir "" ## Preserve the XON and XOFF keys (^Q and ^S). # set preserve ## The characters treated as closing punctuation when justifying ## paragraphs. They cannot contain blank characters. Only closing ## punctuation, optionally followed by closing brackets, can end ## sentences. ## # set punct "!.?" ## Do quick statusbar blanking. Statusbar messages will disappear after ## 1 keystroke instead of 26. Note that "const" overrides this. ## # set quickblank ## The email-quote string, used to justify email-quoted paragraphs. ## This is an extended regular expression if your system supports them, ## otherwise a literal string. Default: # set quotestr "^([ ]*[#:>\|}])+" ## if you have extended regular expression support, otherwise: # set quotestr "> " ## Fix Backspace/Delete confusion problem. # set rebinddelete ## Fix numeric keypad key confusion problem. # set rebindkeypad ## Do extended regular expression searches by default. # set regexp ## Make the Home key smarter. When Home is pressed anywhere but at the ## very beginning of non-whitespace characters on a line, the cursor ## will jump to that beginning (either forwards or backwards). If the ## cursor is already at that position, it will jump to the true ## beginning of the line. # set smarthome ## Use smooth scrolling as the default. # set smooth ## Use this spelling checker instead of the internal one. This option ## does not properly have a default value. ## # set speller "aspell -x -c" ## Allow nano to be suspended. # set suspend ## Use this tab size instead of the default; it must be greater than 0. # set tabsize 8 ## Convert typed tabs to spaces. # set tabstospaces ## Save automatically on exit, don't prompt. # set tempfile ## Disallow file modification; why would you want this in an rcfile? ;) # set view ## The two single-column characters used to display the first characters ## of tabs and spaces. 187 in ISO 8859-1 (0000BB in Unicode) and 183 in ## ISO-8859-1 (0000B7 in Unicode) seem to be good values for these. # set whitespace " " ## Detect word boundaries more accurately by treating punctuation ## characters as part of a word. # set wordbounds ## Color setup ## ## Format: ## ## syntax "short description" ["filename regex" ...] ## ## The "none" syntax is reserved; specifying it on the command line is ## the same as not having a syntax at all. The "default" syntax is ## special: it takes no filename regexes, and applies to files that ## don't match any other syntax's filename regexes. ## ## color foreground,background "regex" ["regex"...] ## or ## icolor foreground,background "regex" ["regex"...] ## ## "color" will do case sensitive matches, while "icolor" will do case ## insensitive matches. ## ## Valid colors: white, black, red, blue, green, yellow, magenta, cyan. ## For foreground colors, you may use the prefix "bright" to get a ## stronger highlight. ## ## To use multi-line regexes, use the start="regex" end="regex" ## [start="regex" end="regex"...] format. ## ## If your system supports transparency, not specifying a background ## color will use a transparent color. If you don't want this, be sure ## to set the background color to black or white. ## ## If you wish, you may put your syntaxes in separate files. You can ## make use of such files (which can only include "syntax", "color", and ## "icolor" commands) as follows: ## ## include "/path/to/syntax_file.nanorc" ## ## Unless otherwise noted, the name of the syntax file (without the ## ".nanorc" extension) should be the same as the "short description" ## name inside that file. These names are kept fairly short to make ## them easier to remember and faster to type using nano's -Y option. ## ## All regexes should be extended regular expressions. ## Default - makes ## as comment include "/usr/share/nano/default.nanorc" ## Emacs include "/usr/share/nano/dotemacs.nanorc" ## C++ include "/usr/share/nano/c.nanorc" ## C include "/usr/share/nano/c-file.nanorc" ## Pov-Ray include "/usr/share/nano/pov.nanorc" ## HTML #there is better one in xml.nanorc # include "/usr/share/nano/html.nanorc" ## TeX include "/usr/share/nano/tex.nanorc" ## Quoted emails (under e.g. mutt) include "/usr/share/nano/mutt.nanorc" ## Patch files include "/usr/share/nano/patch.nanorc" ## Manpages include "/usr/share/nano/man.nanorc" ## Groff include "/usr/share/nano/groff.nanorc" ## Perl include "/usr/share/nano/perl.nanorc" ## Python include "/usr/share/nano/python.nanorc" ## Ruby include "/usr/share/nano/ruby.nanorc" ## Java include "/usr/share/nano/java.nanorc" ## Assembler include "/usr/share/nano/asm.nanorc" ## Bourne shell scripts include "/usr/share/nano/sh.nanorc" ## Gentoo ebuilds and such include "/usr/share/nano/gentoo.nanorc" ## PHP something missing in there... #include "/usr/share/nano/php.nanorc" ## PHP include "/usr/share/nano/php2.nanorc" ## Xorg config include "/usr/share/nano/xorg.nanorc" ## XML include "/usr/share/nano/xml.nanorc" ## URLS include "/usr/share/nano/urls.nanorc" ## CSS include "/usr/share/nano/css.nanorc" ## Conky include "/usr/share/nano/conky.nanorc" ## .cf include "/usr/share/nano/maincf.nanorc" ## *rc - catches more files for now #include "/usr/share/nano/rcfiles.nanorc" ## *rc include "/usr/share/nano/rcfiles-new.nanorc" ## profile include "/usr/share/nano/profile.nanorc" ## java script include "/usr/share/nano/js.nanorc" ## configs include "/usr/share/nano/configfiles.nanorc" ## Xstuff include "/usr/share/nano/xdefaults.nanorc" ## configs include "/usr/share/nano/config.nanorc" ## configs include "/usr/share/nano/config2.nanorc" ## configs include "/usr/share/nano/config3.nanorc" ## configs include "/usr/share/nano/tab.nanorc" ## configs include "/usr/share/nano/passwd.nanorc" include "/usr/share/nano/desc.nanorc" ## Delphi include "/usr/share/nano/delphi.nanorc" # ChangeLog - colors everything in blue #include "/usr/share/nano/changelog.nanorc" ## ChangeLog (C)ryszardzonk include "/usr/share/nano/changelogs.nanorc" ## video metadata info (C)ryszardzonk include "/usr/share/nano/info.nanorc" ## configs in /etc (C)ryszardzonk include "/usr/share/nano/etc-stuff.nanorc" ## logs in /var/log (C)ryszardzonk include "/usr/share/nano/log-stuff.nanorc" ## nanorc syntax include "/usr/share/nano/nanorc.nanorc" ## *.po files (C)ryszardzonk include "/usr/share/nano/po.nanorc" ## Apache 2 include "/usr/share/nano/apache2.nanorc" ## Apache 2 Virtual Host include "/usr/share/nano/vhost.nanorc" ## /etc/init.d/* custom gentoo.nanorc include "/usr/share/nano/initscript.nanorc" ## Named (C)ryszardzonk include "/usr/share/nano/named.nanorc" ## File Types (C)ryszardzonk include "/usr/share/nano/mimetype.nanorc" ## /etc/initng/ custom sh.nanorc include "/usr/share/nano/initng.nanorc" ## /etc/xml custom xml.nanorc include "/usr/share/nano/etcxml.nanorc" ## sh.nanorc syntax for custom files include "/usr/share/nano/shlike.nanorc" ## c.nanorc syntax for custom files include "/usr/share/nano/clike.nanorc" ## EKG History view (C)ryszardzonk include "/usr/share/nano/ekghistory.nanorc" ## others (C)ryszardzonk include "/usr/share/nano/others.nanorc" ## others (C)ryszardzonk + LinuxHelp Wiki include "/usr/share/nano/makefile.nanorc" ## postegreSQL include "/usr/share/nano/postgresql.nanorc" ## Debian Sources (off by default) #include "/usr/share/nano/sources_list.nanorc" ## SoftCam.Key mgcamd include "/usr/share/nano/softcam.nanorc" ## Paludis http://gentoo-wiki.com/TIP_Nano_Context_Highlighting include "/usr/share/nano/paludis.nanorc" ## HAVP config (C)ryszardzonk include "/usr/share/nano/havp.nanorc" ## Privoxy (C)ryszardzonk include "/usr/share/nano/privoxy.nanorc"
Si vous souhaitez les mettre dans votre espace utilisateur, parceque vous n'avez pas les droits root, par exemple, créez un dossier .nano dans votre espace utilisateur et copiez les fichiers dans ce dossier :
$mkdir $HOME/.nano $cp /home/spiderman/nanosyntax/nano/* $HOME/.nano/
Mais dans ce cas le fichier de configuration ci-dessous nécessite une petite modification : les /usr/share/nano doivent devenir /home/spiderman/.nano
Pour ce faire nous allons utiliser nano pour remplacer les occurences :
Ouvrez nano et copiez y le fichier de configuration ci-dessus.
$nano /home/spiderman/.nanorc
Pour enregistrer votre fichier avec nano : Ctrl+o
Remplaçons maintenant les occurences :
Ctrl + w suivis de Ctrl + R
Nano vous propose ceci : Recherche ( à remplacer) :
On y mets donc : /usr/share/nano
puis tapez Entrée
Nano vous propose ceci : Remplacer par :
On y mets donc : ~/.nano/
Validez par “Oui” chaque proposition.
Ce qui devrai donc vous donner un fichier comme ceci :
## Sample initialization file for GNU nano. ## ## Please note that you must have configured nano with --enable-nanorc ## for this file to be read! Also note that this file should not be in ## DOS or Mac format, and that characters specially interpreted by the ## shell should not be escaped here. ## ## To make sure a value is disabled, use "unset <option>". ## ## For the options that take parameters, the default value is given. ## Other options are unset by default. ## ## Quotes inside string parameters don't have to be escaped with ## backslashes. The last double quote in the string will be treated as ## its end. For example, for the "brackets" option, ""')>]}" will match ## ", ', ), >, ], and }. ## Use auto-indentation. # set autoindent ## Backup files to filename~. # set backup ## The directory to put unique backup files in. # set backupdir "" ## Do backwards searches by default. # set backwards ## Use bold text instead of reverse video text. # set boldtext ## The characters treated as closing brackets when justifying ## paragraphs. They cannot contain blank characters. Only closing ## punctuation, optionally followed by closing brackets, can end ## sentences. ## # set brackets ""')>]}" ## Do case sensitive searches by default. # set casesensitive ## Constantly display the cursor position in the statusbar. Note that ## this overrides "quickblank". # set const ## Use cut to end of line by default. # set cut ## Set the line length for wrapping text and justifying paragraphs. ## If fill is 0 or less, the line length will be the screen width less ## this number. ## # set fill -8 ## Enable ~/.nano_history for saving and reading search/replace strings. # set historylog ## The opening and closing brackets that can be found by bracket ## searches. They cannot contain blank characters. The former set must ## come before the latter set, and both must be in the same order. ## # set matchbrackets "(<[{)>]}" ## Use the blank line below the titlebar as extra editing space. # set morespace ## Enable mouse support, if available for your system. When enabled, ## mouse clicks can be used to place the cursor, set the mark (with a ## double click), and execute shortcuts. The mouse will work in the X ## Window System, and on the console when gpm is running. ## # set mouse ## Allow multiple file buffers (inserting a file will put it into a ## separate buffer). You must have configured with --enable-multibuffer ## for this to work. ## # set multibuffer ## Don't convert files from DOS/Mac format. # set noconvert ## Don't follow symlinks when writing files. # set nofollow ## Don't display the helpful shortcut lists at the bottom of the screen. # set nohelp ## Don't add newlines to the ends of files. # set nonewlines ## Don't wrap text at all. set nowrap ## Set operating directory. nano will not read or write files outside ## this directory and its subdirectories. Also, the current directory ## is changed to here, so any files are inserted from this dir. A blank ## string means the operating directory feature is turned off. ## # set operatingdir "" ## Preserve the XON and XOFF keys (^Q and ^S). # set preserve ## The characters treated as closing punctuation when justifying ## paragraphs. They cannot contain blank characters. Only closing ## punctuation, optionally followed by closing brackets, can end ## sentences. ## # set punct "!.?" ## Do quick statusbar blanking. Statusbar messages will disappear after ## 1 keystroke instead of 26. Note that "const" overrides this. ## # set quickblank ## The email-quote string, used to justify email-quoted paragraphs. ## This is an extended regular expression if your system supports them, ## otherwise a literal string. Default: # set quotestr "^([ ]*[#:>\|}])+" ## if you have extended regular expression support, otherwise: # set quotestr "> " ## Fix Backspace/Delete confusion problem. # set rebinddelete ## Fix numeric keypad key confusion problem. # set rebindkeypad ## Do extended regular expression searches by default. # set regexp ## Make the Home key smarter. When Home is pressed anywhere but at the ## very beginning of non-whitespace characters on a line, the cursor ## will jump to that beginning (either forwards or backwards). If the ## cursor is already at that position, it will jump to the true ## beginning of the line. # set smarthome ## Use smooth scrolling as the default. # set smooth ## Use this spelling checker instead of the internal one. This option ## does not properly have a default value. ## # set speller "aspell -x -c" ## Allow nano to be suspended. # set suspend ## Use this tab size instead of the default; it must be greater than 0. # set tabsize 8 ## Convert typed tabs to spaces. # set tabstospaces ## Save automatically on exit, don't prompt. # set tempfile ## Disallow file modification; why would you want this in an rcfile? ;) # set view ## The two single-column characters used to display the first characters ## of tabs and spaces. 187 in ISO 8859-1 (0000BB in Unicode) and 183 in ## ISO-8859-1 (0000B7 in Unicode) seem to be good values for these. # set whitespace " " ## Detect word boundaries more accurately by treating punctuation ## characters as part of a word. # set wordbounds ## Color setup ## ## Format: ## ## syntax "short description" ["filename regex" ...] ## ## The "none" syntax is reserved; specifying it on the command line is ## the same as not having a syntax at all. The "default" syntax is ## special: it takes no filename regexes, and applies to files that ## don't match any other syntax's filename regexes. ## ## color foreground,background "regex" ["regex"...] ## or ## icolor foreground,background "regex" ["regex"...] ## ## "color" will do case sensitive matches, while "icolor" will do case ## insensitive matches. ## ## Valid colors: white, black, red, blue, green, yellow, magenta, cyan. ## For foreground colors, you may use the prefix "bright" to get a ## stronger highlight. ## ## To use multi-line regexes, use the start="regex" end="regex" ## [start="regex" end="regex"...] format. ## ## If your system supports transparency, not specifying a background ## color will use a transparent color. If you don't want this, be sure ## to set the background color to black or white. ## ## If you wish, you may put your syntaxes in separate files. You can ## make use of such files (which can only include "syntax", "color", and ## "icolor" commands) as follows: ## ## include "/path/to/syntax_file.nanorc" ## ## Unless otherwise noted, the name of the syntax file (without the ## ".nanorc" extension) should be the same as the "short description" ## name inside that file. These names are kept fairly short to make ## them easier to remember and faster to type using nano's -Y option. ## ## All regexes should be extended regular expressions. ## Default - makes ## as comment include "~/.nano/default.nanorc" ## Emacs include "~/.nano/dotemacs.nanorc" ## C++ include "~/.nano/c.nanorc" ## C include "~/.nano/c-file.nanorc" ## Pov-Ray include "~/.nano/pov.nanorc" ## HTML #there is better one in xml.nanorc # include "~/.nano/html.nanorc" ## TeX include "~/.nano/tex.nanorc" ## Quoted emails (under e.g. mutt) include "~/.nano/mutt.nanorc" ## Patch files include "~/.nano/patch.nanorc" ## Manpages include "~/.nano/man.nanorc" ## Groff include "~/.nano/groff.nanorc" ## Perl include "~/.nano/perl.nanorc" ## Python include "~/.nano/python.nanorc" ## Ruby include "~/.nano/ruby.nanorc" ## Java include "~/.nano/java.nanorc" ## Assembler include "~/.nano/asm.nanorc" ## Bourne shell scripts include "~/.nano/sh.nanorc" ## Gentoo ebuilds and such include "~/.nano/gentoo.nanorc" ## PHP something missing in there... #include "~/.nano/php.nanorc" ## PHP include "~/.nano/php2.nanorc" ## Xorg config include "~/.nano/xorg.nanorc" ## XML include "~/.nano/xml.nanorc" ## URLS include "~/.nano/urls.nanorc" ## CSS include "~/.nano/css.nanorc" ## Conky include "~/.nano/conky.nanorc" ## .cf include "~/.nano/maincf.nanorc" ## *rc - catches more files for now #include "~/.nano/rcfiles.nanorc" ## *rc include "~/.nano/rcfiles-new.nanorc" ## profile include "~/.nano/profile.nanorc" ## java script include "~/.nano/js.nanorc" ## configs include "~/.nano/configfiles.nanorc" ## Xstuff include "~/.nano/xdefaults.nanorc" ## configs include "~/.nano/config.nanorc" ## configs include "~/.nano/config2.nanorc" ## configs include "~/.nano/config3.nanorc" ## configs include "~/.nano/tab.nanorc" ## configs include "~/.nano/passwd.nanorc" include "~/.nano/desc.nanorc" ## Delphi include "~/.nano/delphi.nanorc" # ChangeLog - colors everything in blue #include "~/.nano/changelog.nanorc" ## ChangeLog (C)ryszardzonk include "~/.nano/changelogs.nanorc" ## video metadata info (C)ryszardzonk include "~/.nano/info.nanorc" ## configs in /etc (C)ryszardzonk include "~/.nano/etc-stuff.nanorc" ## logs in /var/log (C)ryszardzonk include "~/.nano/log-stuff.nanorc" ## nanorc syntax include "~/.nano/nanorc.nanorc" ## *.po files (C)ryszardzonk include "~/.nano/po.nanorc" ## Apache 2 include "~/.nano/apache2.nanorc" ## Apache 2 Virtual Host include "~/.nano/vhost.nanorc" ## /etc/init.d/* custom gentoo.nanorc include "~/.nano/initscript.nanorc" ## Named (C)ryszardzonk include "~/.nano/named.nanorc" ## File Types (C)ryszardzonk include "~/.nano/mimetype.nanorc" ## /etc/initng/ custom sh.nanorc include "~/.nano/initng.nanorc" ## /etc/xml custom xml.nanorc include "~/.nano/etcxml.nanorc" ## sh.nanorc syntax for custom files include "~/.nano/shlike.nanorc" ## c.nanorc syntax for custom files include "~/.nano/clike.nanorc" ## EKG History view (C)ryszardzonk include "~/.nano/ekghistory.nanorc" ## others (C)ryszardzonk include "~/.nano/others.nanorc" ## others (C)ryszardzonk + LinuxHelp Wiki include "~/.nano/makefile.nanorc" ## postegreSQL include "~/.nano/postgresql.nanorc" ## Debian Sources (off by default) #include "~/.nano/sources_list.nanorc" ## SoftCam.Key mgcamd include "~/.nano/softcam.nanorc" ## Paludis http://gentoo-wiki.com/TIP_Nano_Context_Highlighting include "~/.nano/paludis.nanorc" ## HAVP config (C)ryszardzonk include "~/.nano/havp.nanorc" ## Privoxy (C)ryszardzonk include "~/.nano/privoxy.nanorc"
Voilà cette fois nano devrait colorer le code de la plupart de vos fichiers, lors de leur édition; et effectivement c'est bien plus agréable.